Co-generated learnings from hopes-an NRF grant funded university engagement project
- Authors: Quvile, Xola Bulumko
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: National Research Foundation (South Africa) , Research grants -- South Africa , Education, Higher -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68366 , vital:76990
- Description: The study had sought to understand the systemic and individual factors that facilitated or inhibited the NRF grant-funded HOPES Project. HOPES collaborated with the Centre for the Community School in the Faculty of Education, and various communities of practice (COPs) in existing school communities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The project applied a critical participatory action research work to develop a framework for school improvement and in the process contribute to making schools beacons of hope. This research provides insights into how an NRF community engagement grant project team (HOPES) navigated external and internal factors such as COVID-19, rules regulating the grant, and multiple realities of the stakeholders at play. The study was qualitative and used the critical participatory action research design. The study purposively and conveniently sampled seven HOPES Project team members to collect data via focus groups and individual interviews and collected secondary data from NRF HOPES annual project reports. The study findings improved the participants' understanding of their journey, and the co-generated knowledge shed light on how NFR and community engagement grant funders could promote enabling conditions towards achieving individual scholars and collective project outcomes. The study findings provide learnings for the Faculty of Education and the Nelson Mandela University on how extrinsic and intrinsic enablers and barriers can be addressed to optimise a project of this nature. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, School of Postgraduate Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Quvile, Xola Bulumko
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: National Research Foundation (South Africa) , Research grants -- South Africa , Education, Higher -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68366 , vital:76990
- Description: The study had sought to understand the systemic and individual factors that facilitated or inhibited the NRF grant-funded HOPES Project. HOPES collaborated with the Centre for the Community School in the Faculty of Education, and various communities of practice (COPs) in existing school communities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The project applied a critical participatory action research work to develop a framework for school improvement and in the process contribute to making schools beacons of hope. This research provides insights into how an NRF community engagement grant project team (HOPES) navigated external and internal factors such as COVID-19, rules regulating the grant, and multiple realities of the stakeholders at play. The study was qualitative and used the critical participatory action research design. The study purposively and conveniently sampled seven HOPES Project team members to collect data via focus groups and individual interviews and collected secondary data from NRF HOPES annual project reports. The study findings improved the participants' understanding of their journey, and the co-generated knowledge shed light on how NFR and community engagement grant funders could promote enabling conditions towards achieving individual scholars and collective project outcomes. The study findings provide learnings for the Faculty of Education and the Nelson Mandela University on how extrinsic and intrinsic enablers and barriers can be addressed to optimise a project of this nature. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, School of Postgraduate Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
Investigating the implementation of teaching strategies used by foundation phase teachers in multilingual classrooms
- Authors: Green, Marizanne
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Multiculturalism -- Study and teaching , Language and languages -- Study and teaching , Education, Bilingual -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68322 , vital:76974
- Description: In South Africa, there are eleven official languages: English and Afrikaans and nine indigenous languages. However, the dominant language of learning and teaching in multilingual classrooms is English. Teachers are not all equipped to cater for a multilingual classroom that is conducive to learning. Hence, it is important that teaching strategies teachers used need to support learners’ access to knowledge and their language proficiency through the learning process. This qualitative case study aimed at investigating the teaching strategies used by Foundation Phase teachers in multilingual classrooms. The study was guided by an interpretivist paradigm which was helpful in providing in-depth knowledge on multilingual Foundation Phase classrooms and the teaching strategies that teachers implement. The study used a purposive sampling strategy with 4 Foundation phase teachers teaching Grades R-4. Drawing upon classroom observations and semi-structured individual interviews as the primary methods of data collection, the study explored the teaching strategies teachers use in multilingual foundation phase classrooms. A thematic data analysis was employed. Findings revealed a need for inclusive practices in FP multilingual classrooms, need to support learning using various teaching strategies, need to recognize realities in multilingual classrooms and a role that stakeholders can play in learning. Recommendations are provided for SGB’s, Curriculum designers, FP teachers and parents. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, School of Primary School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Green, Marizanne
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Multiculturalism -- Study and teaching , Language and languages -- Study and teaching , Education, Bilingual -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68322 , vital:76974
- Description: In South Africa, there are eleven official languages: English and Afrikaans and nine indigenous languages. However, the dominant language of learning and teaching in multilingual classrooms is English. Teachers are not all equipped to cater for a multilingual classroom that is conducive to learning. Hence, it is important that teaching strategies teachers used need to support learners’ access to knowledge and their language proficiency through the learning process. This qualitative case study aimed at investigating the teaching strategies used by Foundation Phase teachers in multilingual classrooms. The study was guided by an interpretivist paradigm which was helpful in providing in-depth knowledge on multilingual Foundation Phase classrooms and the teaching strategies that teachers implement. The study used a purposive sampling strategy with 4 Foundation phase teachers teaching Grades R-4. Drawing upon classroom observations and semi-structured individual interviews as the primary methods of data collection, the study explored the teaching strategies teachers use in multilingual foundation phase classrooms. A thematic data analysis was employed. Findings revealed a need for inclusive practices in FP multilingual classrooms, need to support learning using various teaching strategies, need to recognize realities in multilingual classrooms and a role that stakeholders can play in learning. Recommendations are provided for SGB’s, Curriculum designers, FP teachers and parents. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, School of Primary School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
Student teacher's experiences of teaching mathematics using isiXhosa in foundation phase classrooms during teaching practice
- Bangiso, Innocentia Queen Zintle
- Authors: Bangiso, Innocentia Queen Zintle
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching , Native language and education -- Africa , African languages -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68297 , vital:76972
- Description: In South Africa, learning in the Foundation Phase happens in a child’s home language, thus all eleven official languages, nine of them being African languages, must and are used as languages of teaching and learning in this phase. Teacher training, however, does not happen in all eleven official languages. The dominant language of training teachers across the country is English, even in classroom contexts where the language of learning and teaching may be an African language. This raises concerns about whether student teachers trained in English can translate mathematics content knowledge into an African language. This is particularly concerning given the country’s consistent underperformance in mathematics and literacy. Against this backdrop, this qualitative study aimed to explore Foundation Phase student teachers’ perspectives on their experiences of teaching mathematics using isiXhosa during teaching practice. The question that this study sought to answer was: what are student teachers’ perspectives on their experiences of teaching mathematics in isiXhosa during teaching practice? Drawing upon classroom observations and semi-structured individual interviews as the primary methods of data collection, the study explored the mediation of mathematics learning using isiXhosa, the pedagogical challenges encountered by student teachers, the strategies employed to address these challenges, and the influence of university training on their preparation. Findings reveal a significant discrepancy between the language of instruction used in university training which is English, and the language required for teaching practice which is isiXhosa. Student teachers expressed struggles in translating theoretical knowledge into practical application, leading to diminished confidence and pedagogical inefficacy. However, participants also demonstrated resilience through innovative strategies such as code-switching, visual aids, and collaborative learning approaches. The study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive language support and pedagogical training programmes to bridge the gap between theory and practice in isiXhosa-medium mathematics instruction. Recommendations are provided for educational institutions, especially the case study university, to enhance the preparation of student teachers and promote effective mathematics education in multilingual contexts. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, School of Primary School Education: Foundation Phase, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
- Authors: Bangiso, Innocentia Queen Zintle
- Date: 2024-12
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching , Native language and education -- Africa , African languages -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/68297 , vital:76972
- Description: In South Africa, learning in the Foundation Phase happens in a child’s home language, thus all eleven official languages, nine of them being African languages, must and are used as languages of teaching and learning in this phase. Teacher training, however, does not happen in all eleven official languages. The dominant language of training teachers across the country is English, even in classroom contexts where the language of learning and teaching may be an African language. This raises concerns about whether student teachers trained in English can translate mathematics content knowledge into an African language. This is particularly concerning given the country’s consistent underperformance in mathematics and literacy. Against this backdrop, this qualitative study aimed to explore Foundation Phase student teachers’ perspectives on their experiences of teaching mathematics using isiXhosa during teaching practice. The question that this study sought to answer was: what are student teachers’ perspectives on their experiences of teaching mathematics in isiXhosa during teaching practice? Drawing upon classroom observations and semi-structured individual interviews as the primary methods of data collection, the study explored the mediation of mathematics learning using isiXhosa, the pedagogical challenges encountered by student teachers, the strategies employed to address these challenges, and the influence of university training on their preparation. Findings reveal a significant discrepancy between the language of instruction used in university training which is English, and the language required for teaching practice which is isiXhosa. Student teachers expressed struggles in translating theoretical knowledge into practical application, leading to diminished confidence and pedagogical inefficacy. However, participants also demonstrated resilience through innovative strategies such as code-switching, visual aids, and collaborative learning approaches. The study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive language support and pedagogical training programmes to bridge the gap between theory and practice in isiXhosa-medium mathematics instruction. Recommendations are provided for educational institutions, especially the case study university, to enhance the preparation of student teachers and promote effective mathematics education in multilingual contexts. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, School of Primary School Education: Foundation Phase, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-12
A content analysis of the framing and representation of Black Lives Matter protests by South African mainstream media
- Authors: Manyike, Lerato Gladys
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465799 , vital:76654
- Description: This study conducted a detailed analysis of 277 headlines using content analysis, focusing on how News24 portrays racial protests, particularly within the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. It explored News24's coverage of BLM protests from March to December 2020, uncovering various framing strategies and language nuances in news headlines. The research aimed to identify thematic frames, linguistic patterns, and overall media framing of BLM protests. The findings highlighted different framing strategies, including legitimising, conflict, and delegitimizing frames, along with the impact of descriptive language on audience perceptions. The study concluded that media framing is dynamic, responding to evolving events and public discourse, and provided recommendations for media transparency, diversity in newsrooms, media literacy, and ethical reporting. Future research suggestions include comparative analyses, audience reception studies, and policy impact assessments to deepen understanding and inform strategic interventions in media representations and public discourse on racial justice. Overall, the study contributes valuable insights into media framing practices and their impact on societal perceptions of racial justice issues. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Manyike, Lerato Gladys
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465799 , vital:76654
- Description: This study conducted a detailed analysis of 277 headlines using content analysis, focusing on how News24 portrays racial protests, particularly within the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. It explored News24's coverage of BLM protests from March to December 2020, uncovering various framing strategies and language nuances in news headlines. The research aimed to identify thematic frames, linguistic patterns, and overall media framing of BLM protests. The findings highlighted different framing strategies, including legitimising, conflict, and delegitimizing frames, along with the impact of descriptive language on audience perceptions. The study concluded that media framing is dynamic, responding to evolving events and public discourse, and provided recommendations for media transparency, diversity in newsrooms, media literacy, and ethical reporting. Future research suggestions include comparative analyses, audience reception studies, and policy impact assessments to deepen understanding and inform strategic interventions in media representations and public discourse on racial justice. Overall, the study contributes valuable insights into media framing practices and their impact on societal perceptions of racial justice issues. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
A decision support tool for equitable and sustainable water management in the Koue Bokkeveld
- Authors: Tholanah, Rodney
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464344 , vital:76503
- Description: Water is an important natural resource with multiple domestic and industrial uses. South Africa has a water scarcity problem, with domestic and industrial demand projected to increase due to population growth. One affected area is the Koue Bokkeveld (KBV), an agricultural catchment in the Western Cape. Water scarcity, especially in the summer, can cause conflicts among the farmers. This study sought to determine the extent to which Agent-Based (AB) modelling could be used to model the KBV catchment area and simulate future climate and usage scenarios. The study used the ComMod methodology as it allows stakeholders to be involved at each step of the modelling process, thus improving the model’s credibility as a decision-support tool (DST). The model was implemented using Cormas, an Agent-Based Model (ABM) implementation framework built with the Smalltalk language. The model was verified and validated through consultations with the catchment coordinator and through workshops with stakeholders. The ABM reflected the catchment characteristics. Farms known to have water shortages had water shortages in the ABM. However, there was one that did not have shortages, which is attributed to land use change. The ABM was used to run multiple simulation scenarios, and it provides simulation results at the crop field, farm and catchment levels, which allows the ABM to be used as a bottom-up DST. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Computer Science, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Tholanah, Rodney
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464344 , vital:76503
- Description: Water is an important natural resource with multiple domestic and industrial uses. South Africa has a water scarcity problem, with domestic and industrial demand projected to increase due to population growth. One affected area is the Koue Bokkeveld (KBV), an agricultural catchment in the Western Cape. Water scarcity, especially in the summer, can cause conflicts among the farmers. This study sought to determine the extent to which Agent-Based (AB) modelling could be used to model the KBV catchment area and simulate future climate and usage scenarios. The study used the ComMod methodology as it allows stakeholders to be involved at each step of the modelling process, thus improving the model’s credibility as a decision-support tool (DST). The model was implemented using Cormas, an Agent-Based Model (ABM) implementation framework built with the Smalltalk language. The model was verified and validated through consultations with the catchment coordinator and through workshops with stakeholders. The ABM reflected the catchment characteristics. Farms known to have water shortages had water shortages in the ABM. However, there was one that did not have shortages, which is attributed to land use change. The ABM was used to run multiple simulation scenarios, and it provides simulation results at the crop field, farm and catchment levels, which allows the ABM to be used as a bottom-up DST. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Computer Science, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
A descriptive study of lead arm muscle activation patterns during cricket batting
- Authors: McCarthy, Ryan Aidan
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464754 , vital:76542
- Description: Introduction: Kinematic studies identify elbow extension and wrist flexion as key movements for bat swinging speed during cricket batting. Knowledge of lead arm muscle activation during cricket batting may provide a greater understanding of the mechanics leading to the generation of faster bat speed. Aim: The current investigation aimed to determine selected muscle activation of cricketer's lead arm, maximum bat swinging speed and angular separation of the pelvis and thorax in the transverse plane (known as the X-angle) during a distance-hitting batting protocol. Materials and Methods: 12 cricket players playing for a South African school 1st XI school team aged 16-19 years completed a distance-hitting batting protocol. Due to issues in data recording two participants' data was excluded leading to 10 participants being kept in the final analyses.Participants attempted to hit straight lofted drives while facing full-length deliveries at 80-100 km.h-1 from a bowling machine. Each participant faced 12-24 balls split into overs while lead arm muscle activation, bat speed, and angle of lead-elbow flexion were recorded. Each participant's elbow and wrist flexors and extensors were monitored by electromyography (EMG) units while they batted. The EMG units were placed on the wrist flexor and extensor origins and on Triceps and Biceps Brachii. Muscle activation for each muscle was recorded in millivolts (mv) and divided by the maximum measurement of voluntary muscle activation to determine the percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) during each shot. Percentage MVC for batting phases of backlift, downswing, contact and follow-through were averaged to compare average %MVC per muscle across all batters and obtain inter-participant variability. Lead arm elbow angle and the %MVC of the elbow and wrist muscles will be compared between successful and unsuccessful shots for analysis. Each participant's lead arm elbow angle was monitored in degrees of flexion by a goniometer placed across the anterior aspect of the elbow joint. Due to the data not having a normal distribution, non-parametric tests were used to establish the variance between dependent variables. To determine the effect of multiple groups on the independent variables a Kruskal-Wallis test for ANOVA was used. Where significant differences were identified, multiple pairwise comparisons were completed to determine where the differences occurred. Results: Successful Lofted straight drives (32 shots) were compared to unsuccessful shots (101 shots) across all participants. Participants and batting phase were found to be significantly different for lead arm elbow angle and muscle activation however shot type was not found to be significantly different. Meaning that lead arm elbow angle and muscle activation differ based on the participant observed or based on the batting phase observed. The backswing phase recorded a higher amount of elbow flexion (155.25°) for Lofted straight drive compared to unsuccessful shots (157.86°) and lower activation across all muscles for Lofted straight drive. The lofted straight drive had a higher amount of elbow flexion (129.52°) compared to unsuccessful shots (149.24°) for the downswing phase and muscle activation was similar with greater variation for unsuccessful shots. At contact Lofted straight drive had a higher amount of elbow flexion (153.44° v 160.13°), and higher activation in the Biceps brachii (34.61% v 28.41%) and Triceps brachii (51.07% v 43.02%). For the follow-through phase Lofted straight drives had a higher amount of elbow flexion (144.87° v 149.59°) and greater Forearm extensor activation (37.13% v 31.28%). There was a large variation across all phases (coefitient of variation between 8.79%-70.28%) with backswing having the least variation and contact having the greatest. Meaning that the backswing phase is fairly predictable for batters and the contact phase is highly variable. Conclusion: Muscle activation increased in the last few milliseconds before contact. The Forearm extensor had the greatest activation during the backswing and follow-through phases. During the downswing phase, Forearm flexors had the greatest activation and at contact, the Triceps brachii had the greatest activation. This study emphasizes the importance of forearm and elbow muscle for batting. Appropriate strengthening of the muscles could also help a batter execute a powerful lofted drive. Future studies with objective measures linked to batting success in prior studies can build on the importance of these findings for batter success. This study provides insight into individual batter techniques and identifies important topics for future research. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: McCarthy, Ryan Aidan
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464754 , vital:76542
- Description: Introduction: Kinematic studies identify elbow extension and wrist flexion as key movements for bat swinging speed during cricket batting. Knowledge of lead arm muscle activation during cricket batting may provide a greater understanding of the mechanics leading to the generation of faster bat speed. Aim: The current investigation aimed to determine selected muscle activation of cricketer's lead arm, maximum bat swinging speed and angular separation of the pelvis and thorax in the transverse plane (known as the X-angle) during a distance-hitting batting protocol. Materials and Methods: 12 cricket players playing for a South African school 1st XI school team aged 16-19 years completed a distance-hitting batting protocol. Due to issues in data recording two participants' data was excluded leading to 10 participants being kept in the final analyses.Participants attempted to hit straight lofted drives while facing full-length deliveries at 80-100 km.h-1 from a bowling machine. Each participant faced 12-24 balls split into overs while lead arm muscle activation, bat speed, and angle of lead-elbow flexion were recorded. Each participant's elbow and wrist flexors and extensors were monitored by electromyography (EMG) units while they batted. The EMG units were placed on the wrist flexor and extensor origins and on Triceps and Biceps Brachii. Muscle activation for each muscle was recorded in millivolts (mv) and divided by the maximum measurement of voluntary muscle activation to determine the percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) during each shot. Percentage MVC for batting phases of backlift, downswing, contact and follow-through were averaged to compare average %MVC per muscle across all batters and obtain inter-participant variability. Lead arm elbow angle and the %MVC of the elbow and wrist muscles will be compared between successful and unsuccessful shots for analysis. Each participant's lead arm elbow angle was monitored in degrees of flexion by a goniometer placed across the anterior aspect of the elbow joint. Due to the data not having a normal distribution, non-parametric tests were used to establish the variance between dependent variables. To determine the effect of multiple groups on the independent variables a Kruskal-Wallis test for ANOVA was used. Where significant differences were identified, multiple pairwise comparisons were completed to determine where the differences occurred. Results: Successful Lofted straight drives (32 shots) were compared to unsuccessful shots (101 shots) across all participants. Participants and batting phase were found to be significantly different for lead arm elbow angle and muscle activation however shot type was not found to be significantly different. Meaning that lead arm elbow angle and muscle activation differ based on the participant observed or based on the batting phase observed. The backswing phase recorded a higher amount of elbow flexion (155.25°) for Lofted straight drive compared to unsuccessful shots (157.86°) and lower activation across all muscles for Lofted straight drive. The lofted straight drive had a higher amount of elbow flexion (129.52°) compared to unsuccessful shots (149.24°) for the downswing phase and muscle activation was similar with greater variation for unsuccessful shots. At contact Lofted straight drive had a higher amount of elbow flexion (153.44° v 160.13°), and higher activation in the Biceps brachii (34.61% v 28.41%) and Triceps brachii (51.07% v 43.02%). For the follow-through phase Lofted straight drives had a higher amount of elbow flexion (144.87° v 149.59°) and greater Forearm extensor activation (37.13% v 31.28%). There was a large variation across all phases (coefitient of variation between 8.79%-70.28%) with backswing having the least variation and contact having the greatest. Meaning that the backswing phase is fairly predictable for batters and the contact phase is highly variable. Conclusion: Muscle activation increased in the last few milliseconds before contact. The Forearm extensor had the greatest activation during the backswing and follow-through phases. During the downswing phase, Forearm flexors had the greatest activation and at contact, the Triceps brachii had the greatest activation. This study emphasizes the importance of forearm and elbow muscle for batting. Appropriate strengthening of the muscles could also help a batter execute a powerful lofted drive. Future studies with objective measures linked to batting success in prior studies can build on the importance of these findings for batter success. This study provides insight into individual batter techniques and identifies important topics for future research. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
A review of African praying mantises (Dictyoptera: Mantodea) incorporating molecular and morphological data
- Authors: Roestof, Bruce
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464428 , vital:76510
- Description: Praying mantises (Dictyoptera: Mantodea) are an iconic group of predatory insects, comprising around 2500 species globally, that occur in all zoogeographic regions except the poles. Their presence in the social psyche of many cultures has existed for millennia, but until the past decade, Mantodea has received little attention from the scientific community as the constituent species are of little economic or medical importance. Africa is rich in praying mantis diversity, accounting for approximately 45% of all described species, yet it remains largely under-sampled compared to the New World and Asian regions. Recent exploration of Gabon and Central African Republic have proved fruitful, with new species descriptions being major highlights. A recent re-cataloguing of southern African praying mantises has proved useful as specimen identifications were checked, new distributions were recorded, and most importantly, it was revealed that museum collections have significantly more diversity than previously recorded. A meta-analysis of African praying mantises was conducted; we present a species checklist to the countries of Africa, including Madagascar and surrounding islands. Currently, 17 families, 182 genera, and 1104 species occur in Africa.Historically, the classification of praying mantises was based solely on morphological features, and the novelty of the field at the time made it unclear which characteristics were of taxonomic importance. The onset of molecular systematics brought attention to incongruences between morphological and molecular phylogenies, believed to be attributed to convergent evolution masking the underlying evolutionary processes that occurred. Significant progress has been made in the past two decades regarding Mantodean classification and most described genera have their phylogenetic position. With the addition of more African taxa, we present mantodean phylogenies for molecular and morphological data. Molecular phylogenies were estimated through Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses using two nuclear (28S and H3) and two mitochondrial markers (16S and COI) for 210 individuals that represented 24 of the 29 families globally. Morphological phylogenies were estimated through Maximum Likelihood analyses of a morphological data matrix comprising 149 characters for 248 individuals that represent 24 families. The same data matrix was used to produce a key to all African mantodean families, accompanied by their descriptions. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Roestof, Bruce
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464428 , vital:76510
- Description: Praying mantises (Dictyoptera: Mantodea) are an iconic group of predatory insects, comprising around 2500 species globally, that occur in all zoogeographic regions except the poles. Their presence in the social psyche of many cultures has existed for millennia, but until the past decade, Mantodea has received little attention from the scientific community as the constituent species are of little economic or medical importance. Africa is rich in praying mantis diversity, accounting for approximately 45% of all described species, yet it remains largely under-sampled compared to the New World and Asian regions. Recent exploration of Gabon and Central African Republic have proved fruitful, with new species descriptions being major highlights. A recent re-cataloguing of southern African praying mantises has proved useful as specimen identifications were checked, new distributions were recorded, and most importantly, it was revealed that museum collections have significantly more diversity than previously recorded. A meta-analysis of African praying mantises was conducted; we present a species checklist to the countries of Africa, including Madagascar and surrounding islands. Currently, 17 families, 182 genera, and 1104 species occur in Africa.Historically, the classification of praying mantises was based solely on morphological features, and the novelty of the field at the time made it unclear which characteristics were of taxonomic importance. The onset of molecular systematics brought attention to incongruences between morphological and molecular phylogenies, believed to be attributed to convergent evolution masking the underlying evolutionary processes that occurred. Significant progress has been made in the past two decades regarding Mantodean classification and most described genera have their phylogenetic position. With the addition of more African taxa, we present mantodean phylogenies for molecular and morphological data. Molecular phylogenies were estimated through Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses using two nuclear (28S and H3) and two mitochondrial markers (16S and COI) for 210 individuals that represented 24 of the 29 families globally. Morphological phylogenies were estimated through Maximum Likelihood analyses of a morphological data matrix comprising 149 characters for 248 individuals that represent 24 families. The same data matrix was used to produce a key to all African mantodean families, accompanied by their descriptions. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
A revision of Late Devonian (Famennian) “thallophyte” (probable Rhodophyte and Phaeophyte) algae from the Witpoort Formation of South Africa
- Authors: Reddy, Caitlin
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464955 , vital:76560
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release in 2026. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Geology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Reddy, Caitlin
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464955 , vital:76560
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release in 2026. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Geology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
A scoping review on problematic Internet use and Substance Use Disorder among men
- Authors: Adolph, Miché Tania
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Internet addiction , Substance abuse , Men Mental health , Scoping review protocol , Compulsive behavior Sex differences
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465788 , vital:76653
- Description: Problematic Internet Use (PIU) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) interact in complex ways that influence the current mental health landscape. Concurrently, the advent of the digital era has presented new difficulties, one of which is the emergence of problematic internet use as a significant issue that negatively impacts mental health. The increasing popularity of internet use has led to an increasing number of reports highlighting the potential negative consequences of overuse, such as substance use. Thus, the study aimed to synthesise literature on problematic internet use and substance use disorder, including the way in which they affect men, given that prior research has predominantly focused on women. The methods employed follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) which is largely based on a PRISMA statement and checklist, the JBI methodological guidance, and other approaches for undertaking scoping reviews. A total of 16 studies were eligible for final review, and the themes identified from the reviewed studies were obtained using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. An analysis of the articles showed a large focus on gender differences in addiction patterns, vulnerability to problematic internet use across age groups, associations between substance use and behavioural addictions, problematic internet use and mental health disorders, the psychological consequences of problematic internet use and substance use disorders, and the various risk factors associated with the development of problematic internet use and substance use disorder. A clear understanding and conceptualisation of this behavioural addiction is vital, including the development and utilisation of appropriate and validated diagnostic and screening tools to measure its presence and, in turn, address it as an emerging mental health disorder. Focus should be given to the assessment of problematic internet use by distinguishing the two different forms, namely the generalised and specific forms of problematic internet use. Additionally, given that there were very few to no qualitative studies conducted on the topic of problematic internet use, much less addressing the possible association with substance use disorder, an assessment of the individual’s experience, especially that of men, is lacking. Future research could therefore aim to incorporate more qualitative studies to address the above. Further research is also needed to clarify the nature of the relationship between problematic internet use and substance use disorder for the purpose of establishing possible causality, including the neurobiological substrates involved. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Adolph, Miché Tania
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Internet addiction , Substance abuse , Men Mental health , Scoping review protocol , Compulsive behavior Sex differences
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/465788 , vital:76653
- Description: Problematic Internet Use (PIU) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) interact in complex ways that influence the current mental health landscape. Concurrently, the advent of the digital era has presented new difficulties, one of which is the emergence of problematic internet use as a significant issue that negatively impacts mental health. The increasing popularity of internet use has led to an increasing number of reports highlighting the potential negative consequences of overuse, such as substance use. Thus, the study aimed to synthesise literature on problematic internet use and substance use disorder, including the way in which they affect men, given that prior research has predominantly focused on women. The methods employed follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) which is largely based on a PRISMA statement and checklist, the JBI methodological guidance, and other approaches for undertaking scoping reviews. A total of 16 studies were eligible for final review, and the themes identified from the reviewed studies were obtained using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. An analysis of the articles showed a large focus on gender differences in addiction patterns, vulnerability to problematic internet use across age groups, associations between substance use and behavioural addictions, problematic internet use and mental health disorders, the psychological consequences of problematic internet use and substance use disorders, and the various risk factors associated with the development of problematic internet use and substance use disorder. A clear understanding and conceptualisation of this behavioural addiction is vital, including the development and utilisation of appropriate and validated diagnostic and screening tools to measure its presence and, in turn, address it as an emerging mental health disorder. Focus should be given to the assessment of problematic internet use by distinguishing the two different forms, namely the generalised and specific forms of problematic internet use. Additionally, given that there were very few to no qualitative studies conducted on the topic of problematic internet use, much less addressing the possible association with substance use disorder, an assessment of the individual’s experience, especially that of men, is lacking. Future research could therefore aim to incorporate more qualitative studies to address the above. Further research is also needed to clarify the nature of the relationship between problematic internet use and substance use disorder for the purpose of establishing possible causality, including the neurobiological substrates involved. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
A sociological study of women’s lived experience of menopause and understanding of menstruation in Mthatha and Makhanda, Eastern Cape Province
- Makalima, Buthanani Vuyokazi
- Authors: Makalima, Buthanani Vuyokazi
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466210 , vital:76707
- Description: This qualitative study explored different sociocultural factors that influence and inform women’s menopause experience and perceptions. The aim of the study was to investigate the cultural beliefs about menstruation and menopause, with a focus on embodied experiences of menopause, as well as the perceptions of the transition from menstruation to menopause. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with women in their 60s and 70s in the Eastern Cape Province: four in-depth interviews were conducted in Umtata/Mthatha and two in Makhanda. Data was analysed thematically. A key study finding is that women’s definition and experience of menopause is significantly influenced by their sociocultural context. This also shapes their experience of menopause, and in the case of the women in this study, menopause is experienced as a natural process. Regardless of the participants’ acceptance of menopause, some women still need to be equipped with information on severe menopause symptoms, what they mean, and how they can be treated or managed. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Makalima, Buthanani Vuyokazi
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466210 , vital:76707
- Description: This qualitative study explored different sociocultural factors that influence and inform women’s menopause experience and perceptions. The aim of the study was to investigate the cultural beliefs about menstruation and menopause, with a focus on embodied experiences of menopause, as well as the perceptions of the transition from menstruation to menopause. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with women in their 60s and 70s in the Eastern Cape Province: four in-depth interviews were conducted in Umtata/Mthatha and two in Makhanda. Data was analysed thematically. A key study finding is that women’s definition and experience of menopause is significantly influenced by their sociocultural context. This also shapes their experience of menopause, and in the case of the women in this study, menopause is experienced as a natural process. Regardless of the participants’ acceptance of menopause, some women still need to be equipped with information on severe menopause symptoms, what they mean, and how they can be treated or managed. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
A spatial perspective of the population structure and connectivity of two small tuna species, Katsuwonus pelamis (Skipjack tuna) and Euthynnus affinis (Kawakawa), in the Southwest Indian Ocean
- Authors: Taylor, Christopher John
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Fishery management Indian Ocean Region , Geospatial analysis , Skipjack tuna , Euthynnus affinis , Fish populations Indian Ocean Region , Marine fishes Geographical distribution
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/467116 , vital:76816
- Description: Katsuwonus pelamis and Euthynnus affinis are two small tuna species of socio-economic and fisheries importance across the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO). There is currently a dearth of data and information around various aspects of their biology in the SWIO, including their population structure and connectivity. The availability of such data, including spatially represented biological data, has the potential to address current management discrepancies through the provision of more robust assessments into the stock structure and connectivity of these species and their stocks. This study explored a spatial perspective of the population structure and connectivity of K. pelamis and E. affinis fisheries in the SWIO to determine the suitability of current Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) management measures for the species. It employed two primary data sources: a) Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association’s (WIOMSA) Marine and Coastal Science for Management (MASMA) Project and b) IOTC. WIOMSA MASMA and IOTC data was collected throughout many countries and small island states in the SWIO, and pertained to genetic diversity, catch-weight, length-at-maturity, and morphometrics. Such data were combined and analysed to conduct geospatial analysis. Spatially illustrated genetic divergence, length-at-maturity, catch-weight, and morphometric data supported the presence of three reproductively isolated subpopulations of K. pelamis in the SWIO (Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Kenya; Mtwara, Tanzania, Mozambique, and Eastern Cape, South Africa; Seychelles). Only spatially depicted genetic divergence data, and morphometrics, supported that E. affinis populations were not panmictic in the SWIO, with genetic divergence data supporting the presence of three reproductively isolated subpopulations of E. affinis (Northern Mozambique and Kenya; Tanzania; Seychelles). Spatially illustrated length-at-maturity and catch-weight data however did not provide sufficient evidence supporting spatial structuring among E. affinis populations in the SWIO. Whilst the present analyses are not definitive to delineate exact stock boundaries, findings supported the contention of current IOTC management policy, indicating spatial population complexity for both species. Future research must increase representation of fishery independent samples and must investigate oceanographic variables driving potential stock separation to further support effective management reform. Until available, a precautionary approach should be adopted for the management of these species across the SWIO, considering the presently proposed distribution of their stocks separate for management. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Taylor, Christopher John
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Fishery management Indian Ocean Region , Geospatial analysis , Skipjack tuna , Euthynnus affinis , Fish populations Indian Ocean Region , Marine fishes Geographical distribution
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/467116 , vital:76816
- Description: Katsuwonus pelamis and Euthynnus affinis are two small tuna species of socio-economic and fisheries importance across the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO). There is currently a dearth of data and information around various aspects of their biology in the SWIO, including their population structure and connectivity. The availability of such data, including spatially represented biological data, has the potential to address current management discrepancies through the provision of more robust assessments into the stock structure and connectivity of these species and their stocks. This study explored a spatial perspective of the population structure and connectivity of K. pelamis and E. affinis fisheries in the SWIO to determine the suitability of current Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) management measures for the species. It employed two primary data sources: a) Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association’s (WIOMSA) Marine and Coastal Science for Management (MASMA) Project and b) IOTC. WIOMSA MASMA and IOTC data was collected throughout many countries and small island states in the SWIO, and pertained to genetic diversity, catch-weight, length-at-maturity, and morphometrics. Such data were combined and analysed to conduct geospatial analysis. Spatially illustrated genetic divergence, length-at-maturity, catch-weight, and morphometric data supported the presence of three reproductively isolated subpopulations of K. pelamis in the SWIO (Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Kenya; Mtwara, Tanzania, Mozambique, and Eastern Cape, South Africa; Seychelles). Only spatially depicted genetic divergence data, and morphometrics, supported that E. affinis populations were not panmictic in the SWIO, with genetic divergence data supporting the presence of three reproductively isolated subpopulations of E. affinis (Northern Mozambique and Kenya; Tanzania; Seychelles). Spatially illustrated length-at-maturity and catch-weight data however did not provide sufficient evidence supporting spatial structuring among E. affinis populations in the SWIO. Whilst the present analyses are not definitive to delineate exact stock boundaries, findings supported the contention of current IOTC management policy, indicating spatial population complexity for both species. Future research must increase representation of fishery independent samples and must investigate oceanographic variables driving potential stock separation to further support effective management reform. Until available, a precautionary approach should be adopted for the management of these species across the SWIO, considering the presently proposed distribution of their stocks separate for management. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
A study exploring women’s experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of fibroids in Diepsloot, South Africa
- Nwanamidwa, Moreblessing Itani
- Authors: Nwanamidwa, Moreblessing Itani
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466071 , vital:76682
- Description: This study is an exploration of women’s experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of fibroids. It is underpinned by social constructionism and the common-sense model of self- regulation theoretical frameworks. Eight in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with women in Diepsloot, South Africa. The study aimed to include diverse perspectives, thus participants included women who consulted biomedical and cultural practitioners or both. The findings of the research reveal that women’s experiences with fibroids are complex because of the many decisions they have to make about the diagnosis and treatment options and the multiple, and sometimes intersecting temporary disruptions, caused by fibroids. Furthermore, the low levels of awareness about fibroids and the prevailing culture of silence surrounding women’s reproductive health have negative consequences for women living with fibroids as this can result in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The findings highlight the importance of raising awareness about fibroids in communities such as Diepsloot where awareness initiatives are insufficient, given the high prevalence of fibroids among reproductive age black women. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Nwanamidwa, Moreblessing Itani
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466071 , vital:76682
- Description: This study is an exploration of women’s experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of fibroids. It is underpinned by social constructionism and the common-sense model of self- regulation theoretical frameworks. Eight in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with women in Diepsloot, South Africa. The study aimed to include diverse perspectives, thus participants included women who consulted biomedical and cultural practitioners or both. The findings of the research reveal that women’s experiences with fibroids are complex because of the many decisions they have to make about the diagnosis and treatment options and the multiple, and sometimes intersecting temporary disruptions, caused by fibroids. Furthermore, the low levels of awareness about fibroids and the prevailing culture of silence surrounding women’s reproductive health have negative consequences for women living with fibroids as this can result in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The findings highlight the importance of raising awareness about fibroids in communities such as Diepsloot where awareness initiatives are insufficient, given the high prevalence of fibroids among reproductive age black women. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
An analysis of tax incentives offered for investments by individuals in South Africa and the United Kingdom
- Authors: Muzenda, Nokuthula Tafadzwa
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463516 , vital:76416
- Description: This research analysed the tax incentives available for investments by individuals in South Africa and compared them to investments in the United Kingdom. It answered the question whether, based on incentives provided in the United Kingdom, recommendations can be made for investment incentives to be implemented in South Africa. The type of investments described were venture capital schemes, tax-free investments, retirement savings, endowment policies, purchased annuities, workplace investment schemes, and fixed interest bonds. These classes of investments were discussed together with the tax incentives offered for them in South Africa and the United Kingdom. An interpretative paradigm was adopted for this research, together with a doctrinal methodology and a qualitative method. This research analysed the legislative provisions in South Africa and the United Kingdom. Information was also collected from secondary sources such as textbooks and articles written on investments and taxes. There were no ethical considerations in this research as the data that was used are publicly available. The tax incentive provisions in South Africa have not proven to be effective in increasing household savings, which remain low. The comparison of the taxes and incentives in South Africa and the United Kingdom indicated that there are some similarities on how certain investments are taxed, but for most types of investments, the United Kingdom provided more favourable tax incentives than South Africa. Recommendations were made for the venture capital company incentive previously applying to be reinstated, or to introduce some form of income tax and capital gains tax relief for direct investment into venture capital companies. The removal of the penalty for tax-free investments in excess of the maximum permitted was recommended, and to charge income tax according to the tax tables on contributions exceeding the limit. With regard to purchased annuities, it was recommended that no income tax should apply to annuities received in the case of disability, sickness, and similar circumstances. For the section 8B Broad-Based Share Incentive Scheme recommendations were made to not levy dividends tax on cash dividends retained for reinvestment into the scheme, and for employees not to be liable for income tax when shares are disposed of, where they are no longer in the relevant employment due to circumstances beyond their control. A recommendation was also made to consider introducing workplace savings schemes similar to the savings schemes applying in the United Kingdom. An education campaign by the South African Revenue Service was recommended, to inform the public of investment incentives. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Accounting, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Muzenda, Nokuthula Tafadzwa
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463516 , vital:76416
- Description: This research analysed the tax incentives available for investments by individuals in South Africa and compared them to investments in the United Kingdom. It answered the question whether, based on incentives provided in the United Kingdom, recommendations can be made for investment incentives to be implemented in South Africa. The type of investments described were venture capital schemes, tax-free investments, retirement savings, endowment policies, purchased annuities, workplace investment schemes, and fixed interest bonds. These classes of investments were discussed together with the tax incentives offered for them in South Africa and the United Kingdom. An interpretative paradigm was adopted for this research, together with a doctrinal methodology and a qualitative method. This research analysed the legislative provisions in South Africa and the United Kingdom. Information was also collected from secondary sources such as textbooks and articles written on investments and taxes. There were no ethical considerations in this research as the data that was used are publicly available. The tax incentive provisions in South Africa have not proven to be effective in increasing household savings, which remain low. The comparison of the taxes and incentives in South Africa and the United Kingdom indicated that there are some similarities on how certain investments are taxed, but for most types of investments, the United Kingdom provided more favourable tax incentives than South Africa. Recommendations were made for the venture capital company incentive previously applying to be reinstated, or to introduce some form of income tax and capital gains tax relief for direct investment into venture capital companies. The removal of the penalty for tax-free investments in excess of the maximum permitted was recommended, and to charge income tax according to the tax tables on contributions exceeding the limit. With regard to purchased annuities, it was recommended that no income tax should apply to annuities received in the case of disability, sickness, and similar circumstances. For the section 8B Broad-Based Share Incentive Scheme recommendations were made to not levy dividends tax on cash dividends retained for reinvestment into the scheme, and for employees not to be liable for income tax when shares are disposed of, where they are no longer in the relevant employment due to circumstances beyond their control. A recommendation was also made to consider introducing workplace savings schemes similar to the savings schemes applying in the United Kingdom. An education campaign by the South African Revenue Service was recommended, to inform the public of investment incentives. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Accounting, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
An analysis of the precarious livelihoods of Zimbabwean migrants in the informal economy in Makhanda, South Africa
- Authors: Nderere, Nompumelelo Agnes
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466262 , vital:76712
- Description: The movement of people across borders is a complex phenomenon that has far-reaching social, political, and economic implications. In recent years, Zimbabwean migrants have become increasingly visible in the informal economy across South Africa. Through qualitative data collection methods, this study sought to broaden our understanding of the precarious livelihoods of Zimbabwean migrants working in the informal economy in South Africa. This study examined Zimbabwean migrants in the informal economy in Makhanda, Eastern Cape in South Africa. Underpinned by the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) as the theoretical anchor, this thesis offers a comprehensive examination of not only the challenges but also the opportunities faced and presented to Zimbabwean migrants in the informal economy in Makhanda. The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach was used as a framework to guide the analysis aimed at understanding the precarious livelihoods of Zimbabwean migrants working in the informal economy in terms of the vulnerability context they find themselves in, the assets they use, the organizations or institutions that affect their activities and the results they get out of their efforts in the informal economy. Data was collected from a sample of 10 participants, consisting of 4 self-employed participants and 6 “employed” in the informal economy. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, this thesis examined the strategies that the migrants adopt to cope with the challenges they face and the impact that these strategies have on their livelihoods. The findings suggest that working in the informal economy evolves as a sustainable livelihood strategy, which depends on external support for it to flourish. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Nderere, Nompumelelo Agnes
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466262 , vital:76712
- Description: The movement of people across borders is a complex phenomenon that has far-reaching social, political, and economic implications. In recent years, Zimbabwean migrants have become increasingly visible in the informal economy across South Africa. Through qualitative data collection methods, this study sought to broaden our understanding of the precarious livelihoods of Zimbabwean migrants working in the informal economy in South Africa. This study examined Zimbabwean migrants in the informal economy in Makhanda, Eastern Cape in South Africa. Underpinned by the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) as the theoretical anchor, this thesis offers a comprehensive examination of not only the challenges but also the opportunities faced and presented to Zimbabwean migrants in the informal economy in Makhanda. The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach was used as a framework to guide the analysis aimed at understanding the precarious livelihoods of Zimbabwean migrants working in the informal economy in terms of the vulnerability context they find themselves in, the assets they use, the organizations or institutions that affect their activities and the results they get out of their efforts in the informal economy. Data was collected from a sample of 10 participants, consisting of 4 self-employed participants and 6 “employed” in the informal economy. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, this thesis examined the strategies that the migrants adopt to cope with the challenges they face and the impact that these strategies have on their livelihoods. The findings suggest that working in the informal economy evolves as a sustainable livelihood strategy, which depends on external support for it to flourish. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
An assessment of the status of psylloid species (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) as potential pests of commercial citrus in southern Africa: implications for pest management
- Authors: Moagi, Raynold
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464417 , vital:76509
- Description: Psylloids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), constitute a group of plant sap-sucking insects, some of which are economically significant pests in different ecosystems due to their potential to transmit Gram-negative bacteria, such as the Candidatus Liberibacter species. The African citrus triozid (ACT), Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio), which transmits African citrus greening and the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, which transmits Asian citrus greening are significant threats to citrus. Asian citrus psyllid poses a global economic threat due to its ability to vector “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas), which can rapidly kill citrus trees. However, both ACP and CLas are currently not present in southern Africa but are present in East and West Africa. In the Afrotropical region, 71 triozid species are known to occur and approximately 41 described Diaphorina species in southern Africa. Currently, two indigenous Diaphorina species, Diaphorina punctulata and Diaphorina zebrana have been documented to feed on citrus. There is a significant knowledge gap regarding the ecological roles of other indigenous psylloid species occurring within the citrus environments. Therefore, this study aimed to: (i) determine the diversity and community structure of psylloid species in citrus environments, and (ii) their host ranges through DNA analysis of gut contents to determine if they fed on citrus. Field surveys were carried out across 12 distinct commercial citrus environments across Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces between 2022 and 2023. Psylloids were collected using yellow sticky traps and an insect sweep-net. Collected psylloid specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol vials and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level (i.e. genus or species) using both published and unpublished dichotomous identification keys. Furthermore, citrus leaf samples were collected from the same plants on which psylloids were found in the orchards. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from both leaf and psylloid samples using two different DNA extraction methods. To confirm if citrus DNA could be detected in the psylloid guts, all leaf gDNA samples were initially amplified using the rbcLaF/R primer pair, targeting a 530-bp region of the chloroplast rbcL gene through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Lastly, gut content analysis was performed on 11 psylloid species using the same primer pair through PCR to detect citrus DNA. A total of 4,900 psylloids belonging to five families (i.e. Aphalaridae, Carsidaridae, Liviidae, Psyllidae and Triozidae), 19 genera and 47 species, were collected in citrus environments. More psylloids were recorded in Limpopo (3,754) than in Mpumalanga (1,146). The most abundant species were Pauropsylla trichaeta (1,680), followed by Diaphorina punctulata (466), Trioza erytreae (426), Diaphorina virgata (371), Euryconus sp. (358), Cacopsylla sp. (311), Retroacizzia mopanei (263), Acizzia russellae-group (240), Acizzia sp.3 (216) and Acizzia sp.2 (140). Yellow sticky traps captured 3,265 psylloids in citrus orchards, while an insect sweep-net collected 1,635 psylloids (477 from citrus orchards and 1,158 from adjacent natural vegetation). Data from the insect sweep-net revealed that 22 psylloid species were recorded on citrus. In comparison, nine psylloid species were found on Vachellia spp. and unidentified plant species separately, whereas six, three and two psylloid species were recorded on marula, Ficus sp. and mopane, respectively. The abundance, richness and community structure of psylloids differed significantly between the collection methods, provinces and among plant species. The rbcLaF/R primer pair amplified all citrus leaf gDNA samples, producing amplicons of the targeted 530-bp size. The PCR analysis of 11 psylloid species showed that the rbcLaF/R primer pair amplified plant DNA, with PCR-amplified plant DNA samples producing amplicons between 500-bp and 750-bp in the gut contents of five psyllid species: Diaphorina punctulata, Diaphorina virgata, Diaphorina zebrana, Euryconus sp. and Trioza erytreae. However, the targeted 530-bp plant DNA region was only amplified from the gut contents of Euryconus sp. and Diaphorina punctulata. This study documented psylloid diversity and community structure within commercial citrus environments. The findings indicate that the community of psylloids was diverse in citrus environments, with yellow sticky traps being more effective in monitoring different psyllid species within these environments. Furthermore, the PCR analysis detected citrus DNA in the gut contents of Euryconus sp. and Diaphorina punctulata, suggesting that they could be nibbling on citrus when their specific or main host-plants adjacent to citrus orchards are depleted. However, these insects do not lay their eggs or complete their life cycle on citrus, further confirming that citrus is not their host-plant. Thus, further studies, including Sanger sequencing of PCR-amplified plant DNA, are recommended to confirm the ingested plant species, and host-specific testing including infection trials needs to be conducted. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Moagi, Raynold
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/464417 , vital:76509
- Description: Psylloids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), constitute a group of plant sap-sucking insects, some of which are economically significant pests in different ecosystems due to their potential to transmit Gram-negative bacteria, such as the Candidatus Liberibacter species. The African citrus triozid (ACT), Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio), which transmits African citrus greening and the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, which transmits Asian citrus greening are significant threats to citrus. Asian citrus psyllid poses a global economic threat due to its ability to vector “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas), which can rapidly kill citrus trees. However, both ACP and CLas are currently not present in southern Africa but are present in East and West Africa. In the Afrotropical region, 71 triozid species are known to occur and approximately 41 described Diaphorina species in southern Africa. Currently, two indigenous Diaphorina species, Diaphorina punctulata and Diaphorina zebrana have been documented to feed on citrus. There is a significant knowledge gap regarding the ecological roles of other indigenous psylloid species occurring within the citrus environments. Therefore, this study aimed to: (i) determine the diversity and community structure of psylloid species in citrus environments, and (ii) their host ranges through DNA analysis of gut contents to determine if they fed on citrus. Field surveys were carried out across 12 distinct commercial citrus environments across Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces between 2022 and 2023. Psylloids were collected using yellow sticky traps and an insect sweep-net. Collected psylloid specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol vials and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level (i.e. genus or species) using both published and unpublished dichotomous identification keys. Furthermore, citrus leaf samples were collected from the same plants on which psylloids were found in the orchards. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from both leaf and psylloid samples using two different DNA extraction methods. To confirm if citrus DNA could be detected in the psylloid guts, all leaf gDNA samples were initially amplified using the rbcLaF/R primer pair, targeting a 530-bp region of the chloroplast rbcL gene through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Lastly, gut content analysis was performed on 11 psylloid species using the same primer pair through PCR to detect citrus DNA. A total of 4,900 psylloids belonging to five families (i.e. Aphalaridae, Carsidaridae, Liviidae, Psyllidae and Triozidae), 19 genera and 47 species, were collected in citrus environments. More psylloids were recorded in Limpopo (3,754) than in Mpumalanga (1,146). The most abundant species were Pauropsylla trichaeta (1,680), followed by Diaphorina punctulata (466), Trioza erytreae (426), Diaphorina virgata (371), Euryconus sp. (358), Cacopsylla sp. (311), Retroacizzia mopanei (263), Acizzia russellae-group (240), Acizzia sp.3 (216) and Acizzia sp.2 (140). Yellow sticky traps captured 3,265 psylloids in citrus orchards, while an insect sweep-net collected 1,635 psylloids (477 from citrus orchards and 1,158 from adjacent natural vegetation). Data from the insect sweep-net revealed that 22 psylloid species were recorded on citrus. In comparison, nine psylloid species were found on Vachellia spp. and unidentified plant species separately, whereas six, three and two psylloid species were recorded on marula, Ficus sp. and mopane, respectively. The abundance, richness and community structure of psylloids differed significantly between the collection methods, provinces and among plant species. The rbcLaF/R primer pair amplified all citrus leaf gDNA samples, producing amplicons of the targeted 530-bp size. The PCR analysis of 11 psylloid species showed that the rbcLaF/R primer pair amplified plant DNA, with PCR-amplified plant DNA samples producing amplicons between 500-bp and 750-bp in the gut contents of five psyllid species: Diaphorina punctulata, Diaphorina virgata, Diaphorina zebrana, Euryconus sp. and Trioza erytreae. However, the targeted 530-bp plant DNA region was only amplified from the gut contents of Euryconus sp. and Diaphorina punctulata. This study documented psylloid diversity and community structure within commercial citrus environments. The findings indicate that the community of psylloids was diverse in citrus environments, with yellow sticky traps being more effective in monitoring different psyllid species within these environments. Furthermore, the PCR analysis detected citrus DNA in the gut contents of Euryconus sp. and Diaphorina punctulata, suggesting that they could be nibbling on citrus when their specific or main host-plants adjacent to citrus orchards are depleted. However, these insects do not lay their eggs or complete their life cycle on citrus, further confirming that citrus is not their host-plant. Thus, further studies, including Sanger sequencing of PCR-amplified plant DNA, are recommended to confirm the ingested plant species, and host-specific testing including infection trials needs to be conducted. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
An evaluation study of the climate change adaptation plans for a provincial conservation authority in South Africa
- Van den Berg-McGregor, Eleanor Charmell
- Authors: Van den Berg-McGregor, Eleanor Charmell
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/461930 , vital:76252
- Description: While there are natural changes in climate over time, the climate change phenomenon of global warming that the Earth is currently experiencing is human-induced. The impact of human-induced climate change has led to unprecedented global warming and has become evident as there have been increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as inter alia, heatwaves, droughts and floods. This climate change trajectory poses a risk to the Earth’s ability to continue providing sustainable ecosystem services necessary to sustain life on Earth. Therefore, considering the risks and impacts of climate change, there is a need to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, and hence, there is a need for climate change adaptation (CCA). Some benefits of CCA include the reduction of risks to nature and people, biodiversity conservation, food security, livelihoods and human well-being. Through a CCA lens within the biodiversity and conservation sector, underpinned by Resilience Theory, this research study sets out to identify and evaluate the CCA plans of a provincial conservation authority. By reviewing the current literature for CCA, the insights gained allowed for the emergence of key characteristics for good CCA in the biodiversity and conservation sector, and the evaluation of CapeNature’s (a provincial conservation authority situated in the Westen Cape of South Africa) CCA plans against these key characteristics that emerged for CCA and resilience planning in protected areas and ecosystems. Qualitative data was gathered via focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews with seven key knowledge holders of CapeNature’s CCA planning processes, plans and management approaches, and through document analysis of the entity’s CCA plans, whereafter it was evaluated against the key characteristics. Challenges towards CCA and opportunities that can be explored for CCA were identified as well. This research study has revealed that CapeNature does not have a single all-encompassing CCA plan but has various CCA approaches that consider the key characteristics necessary for good CCA. However, the entity faces various challenges regarding its intention to implement these approaches over the long term. Challenges ranged from a fragmented approach to CCA to compromised capacity and capability to implement their CCA plans over time. A recurring challenge was the lack of financial resources, and this, combined with the entity’s current inability to secure sustainable financing, was emphasised as the key factor to be addressed towards facilitating the success of the entity’s CCA plans. It also emerged that CCA approaches are interdependent and linked as in various instances, when one key CCA characteristic was compromised, it had a detrimental effect on other CCA approaches. The study concludes by making recommendations to enhance CapeNature’s CCA and resilience planning, noting that these may be of relevance to other conservation agencies as well. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Van den Berg-McGregor, Eleanor Charmell
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/461930 , vital:76252
- Description: While there are natural changes in climate over time, the climate change phenomenon of global warming that the Earth is currently experiencing is human-induced. The impact of human-induced climate change has led to unprecedented global warming and has become evident as there have been increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as inter alia, heatwaves, droughts and floods. This climate change trajectory poses a risk to the Earth’s ability to continue providing sustainable ecosystem services necessary to sustain life on Earth. Therefore, considering the risks and impacts of climate change, there is a need to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, and hence, there is a need for climate change adaptation (CCA). Some benefits of CCA include the reduction of risks to nature and people, biodiversity conservation, food security, livelihoods and human well-being. Through a CCA lens within the biodiversity and conservation sector, underpinned by Resilience Theory, this research study sets out to identify and evaluate the CCA plans of a provincial conservation authority. By reviewing the current literature for CCA, the insights gained allowed for the emergence of key characteristics for good CCA in the biodiversity and conservation sector, and the evaluation of CapeNature’s (a provincial conservation authority situated in the Westen Cape of South Africa) CCA plans against these key characteristics that emerged for CCA and resilience planning in protected areas and ecosystems. Qualitative data was gathered via focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews with seven key knowledge holders of CapeNature’s CCA planning processes, plans and management approaches, and through document analysis of the entity’s CCA plans, whereafter it was evaluated against the key characteristics. Challenges towards CCA and opportunities that can be explored for CCA were identified as well. This research study has revealed that CapeNature does not have a single all-encompassing CCA plan but has various CCA approaches that consider the key characteristics necessary for good CCA. However, the entity faces various challenges regarding its intention to implement these approaches over the long term. Challenges ranged from a fragmented approach to CCA to compromised capacity and capability to implement their CCA plans over time. A recurring challenge was the lack of financial resources, and this, combined with the entity’s current inability to secure sustainable financing, was emphasised as the key factor to be addressed towards facilitating the success of the entity’s CCA plans. It also emerged that CCA approaches are interdependent and linked as in various instances, when one key CCA characteristic was compromised, it had a detrimental effect on other CCA approaches. The study concludes by making recommendations to enhance CapeNature’s CCA and resilience planning, noting that these may be of relevance to other conservation agencies as well. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
An exploration of the influence of gender dynamics on the experience of NGO staff members in Makhanda
- Authors: Hove, Taguma Florence
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466139 , vital:76700
- Description: This research explores gender dynamics within non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and examines whether, and to what extent women in the NGO sector perceive gender dynamics as playing instrumental roles in NGO organisational processes and structures. In conjunction with this, this research aims to explore the relationship between gender stereotypes and career progression. Black feminism and postcolonial feminism will be implemented as theoretical frameworks to explore how social or gender, age, race, and class interact with the organisational process of NGOs. The concepts of intersectionality and subjectivity are useful in understanding how interactions between race, class, and gender play a role in the subjective experiences of women of all backgrounds in post-apartheid South Africa. A postcolonial feminist approach focuses on the representation of African women, and allows an exploration of the knowledge of South African women within NGOs that will provide more perspectives to organisational studies. Traditional perspectives of gender stereotypes are widespread, but several respondents are indifferent to gender stereotypes while some of them feel that they are non-existent. The findings indicate that gender stereotypes continue to exist with forward movements in social progress, where progress might be stalled because of ingrained patriarchal norms, making it difficult to eradicate gender inequality. The findings from the research also suggest that there are tensions and contradictions involved when it comes to how female NGO staff members perceive gender discrimination, providing nuance to existing research. This research acknowledges the period of transition that society is in and recognises how complexities emerge. The findings capture the present state of gender identity, and applying an intersectional approach has indicated that other factors such as race, ethnicity and age take precedence. The research also recognises the importance of tracking and responding to changing societal attitudes in times of transition. Finally, the research also contributes to a broader understanding of the perceptions of gender identity and equality and ensures that discussions on patriarchy do not depend on established discussions that present reality in a stark way that does not leave space for nuance. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Hove, Taguma Florence
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/466139 , vital:76700
- Description: This research explores gender dynamics within non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and examines whether, and to what extent women in the NGO sector perceive gender dynamics as playing instrumental roles in NGO organisational processes and structures. In conjunction with this, this research aims to explore the relationship between gender stereotypes and career progression. Black feminism and postcolonial feminism will be implemented as theoretical frameworks to explore how social or gender, age, race, and class interact with the organisational process of NGOs. The concepts of intersectionality and subjectivity are useful in understanding how interactions between race, class, and gender play a role in the subjective experiences of women of all backgrounds in post-apartheid South Africa. A postcolonial feminist approach focuses on the representation of African women, and allows an exploration of the knowledge of South African women within NGOs that will provide more perspectives to organisational studies. Traditional perspectives of gender stereotypes are widespread, but several respondents are indifferent to gender stereotypes while some of them feel that they are non-existent. The findings indicate that gender stereotypes continue to exist with forward movements in social progress, where progress might be stalled because of ingrained patriarchal norms, making it difficult to eradicate gender inequality. The findings from the research also suggest that there are tensions and contradictions involved when it comes to how female NGO staff members perceive gender discrimination, providing nuance to existing research. This research acknowledges the period of transition that society is in and recognises how complexities emerge. The findings capture the present state of gender identity, and applying an intersectional approach has indicated that other factors such as race, ethnicity and age take precedence. The research also recognises the importance of tracking and responding to changing societal attitudes in times of transition. Finally, the research also contributes to a broader understanding of the perceptions of gender identity and equality and ensures that discussions on patriarchy do not depend on established discussions that present reality in a stark way that does not leave space for nuance. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
An exploratory study of the benefits of reading clubs for learners in English First Additional Language classrooms
- Authors: Mbebe, Xolela Desmond
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463724 , vital:76435
- Description: The study explored how reading clubs inculcate the love of reading in Komani, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Reports indicate that learners at secondary schools do not understand the vocabulary used in comprehension passages. They need exposure to a variety of texts to promote reading comprehension. This study is situated in the interpretive paradigm. The participants were three educators with 24 learners in the reading clubs. Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory was the theoretical framework to explore how reading clubs promote the love of reading. Data was analysed by using an inductive, thematic approach. The findings indicate that the reading clubs instilled the love of reading among the learners, improving their comprehension skills. The other benefits were that reading clubs are a source of pleasure, instil the culture of reading, and develop the learners’ confidence. The implications of the findings of the study are that reading boosted thinking, reading skills, fluency, knowledge, writing, and vocabulary use. Reading clubs were beneficial to both teachers and learners. Teachers improved their practice and could determine, through oral and written reviews, whether reading took place during the silent reading sessions. Involvement in reading clubs had social benefits for learners. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Institute for the Study of Englishes of Africa, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Mbebe, Xolela Desmond
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463724 , vital:76435
- Description: The study explored how reading clubs inculcate the love of reading in Komani, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Reports indicate that learners at secondary schools do not understand the vocabulary used in comprehension passages. They need exposure to a variety of texts to promote reading comprehension. This study is situated in the interpretive paradigm. The participants were three educators with 24 learners in the reading clubs. Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory was the theoretical framework to explore how reading clubs promote the love of reading. Data was analysed by using an inductive, thematic approach. The findings indicate that the reading clubs instilled the love of reading among the learners, improving their comprehension skills. The other benefits were that reading clubs are a source of pleasure, instil the culture of reading, and develop the learners’ confidence. The implications of the findings of the study are that reading boosted thinking, reading skills, fluency, knowledge, writing, and vocabulary use. Reading clubs were beneficial to both teachers and learners. Teachers improved their practice and could determine, through oral and written reviews, whether reading took place during the silent reading sessions. Involvement in reading clubs had social benefits for learners. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Institute for the Study of Englishes of Africa, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
An investigation into the causes and effect of rising public debt in South Africa, 2009-2019
- Authors: Mzumala, Mirriam
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/461918 , vital:76251
- Description: This study delves into the intricate factors contributing to the rising public debt in South Africa between 2009 and 2019, while also scrutinising the efficacy of public debt expenditure during this period. By examining data sourced from the SA National Treasury of South Africa and the South African Reserve Bank (SARB), the research endeavours to elucidate the underlying causes behind the burgeoning public debt and assess the impact of expenditure patterns on economic outcomes. The global financial crisis of 2008/2009 marked a pivotal juncture for South Africa's economy, precipitating a series of fiscal challenges that reverberated throughout the subsequent decade. Against this backdrop, this study embarks on a dual mission: firstly, to decipher the drivers underpinning the surge in public debt, and secondly, to gauge the efficacy of public expenditure vis-à-vis economic growth and development objectives. From 2009 to 2019, fiscal analysis shows a clear pattern of growing budget deficits, with government spending surpassing revenue growth. South Africa's fiscal policy has heavily favoured deficit spending, relying on debt to cover revenue shortfalls and maintain expenditure growth. Most government spending goes towards current payments and social transfers, leaving little for capital formation. Despite the National Development Plan's emphasis on investing in productive assets, both public and private sector investments have consistently fallen below targets, hindering significant contributions to economic growth. The rising public debt in South Africa stems from numerous factors, including excessive spending on unproductive areas like government compensation and social transfers, alongside high borrowing costs. This consumption-focused economic approach, coupled with insufficient investment in productive assets, has hindered South Africa's economic progress compared to global counterparts. Given these challenges, it is crucial to shift fiscal priorities towards strategies focused on investment-led growth. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Mzumala, Mirriam
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/461918 , vital:76251
- Description: This study delves into the intricate factors contributing to the rising public debt in South Africa between 2009 and 2019, while also scrutinising the efficacy of public debt expenditure during this period. By examining data sourced from the SA National Treasury of South Africa and the South African Reserve Bank (SARB), the research endeavours to elucidate the underlying causes behind the burgeoning public debt and assess the impact of expenditure patterns on economic outcomes. The global financial crisis of 2008/2009 marked a pivotal juncture for South Africa's economy, precipitating a series of fiscal challenges that reverberated throughout the subsequent decade. Against this backdrop, this study embarks on a dual mission: firstly, to decipher the drivers underpinning the surge in public debt, and secondly, to gauge the efficacy of public expenditure vis-à-vis economic growth and development objectives. From 2009 to 2019, fiscal analysis shows a clear pattern of growing budget deficits, with government spending surpassing revenue growth. South Africa's fiscal policy has heavily favoured deficit spending, relying on debt to cover revenue shortfalls and maintain expenditure growth. Most government spending goes towards current payments and social transfers, leaving little for capital formation. Despite the National Development Plan's emphasis on investing in productive assets, both public and private sector investments have consistently fallen below targets, hindering significant contributions to economic growth. The rising public debt in South Africa stems from numerous factors, including excessive spending on unproductive areas like government compensation and social transfers, alongside high borrowing costs. This consumption-focused economic approach, coupled with insufficient investment in productive assets, has hindered South Africa's economic progress compared to global counterparts. Given these challenges, it is crucial to shift fiscal priorities towards strategies focused on investment-led growth. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
An investigation into the impact of geographical location on the phytochemical composition, pharmacological and toxicological activities of Tulbaghia violacea collected from the Eastern Cape and Gauteng Province
- Authors: Kader, Tasmeera
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/461819 , vital:76242
- Description: Introduction: The number of communicable and non-communicable diseases continues to rise and has become more prevalent. While drugs exist to manage and/ or treat majority of the communicable and non-communicable diseases, the rise in disease prevalence puts pressure on researchers to find new drug molecules to treat and manage these ailments. Traditional medicine refers to the knowledge, skills and practices which are based on the beliefs and experiences indigenous to cultures and is used to maintain health. Most of the research into traditional medicine focuses on the medicinal plants used. Medicinal plants are any plants in which one or more of its organs contain substances which are used for therapeutic purposes or for the synthesis of drugs. Tulbaghia violacea is a monocotyledonous genus of herbaceous perennial bulbs which is native to Africa and can be readily found throughout South Africa. It is popular for its antimicrobial, antifungal, anticoagulant, antioxidant and anticancer properties. It has been that ecological factors influence the composition and quantity of phytochemicals present in a plant. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of geographical location on the phytochemical composition, pharmacological and toxicological activities of T. violacea collected from the Eastern Cape and Gauteng Province. Methods: The leaves of T. violacea were collected from the Eastern Cape and Gauteng Province. The leaves were dried and extracted using serial maceration with solvents hexane, acetone and methanol. The resulting extracts were subjected to qualitative preliminary phytochemical analysis and a quantitative total phenol content test was carried out using gallic acid as the standard. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed to identify classes of compounds present in T. violacea. xix Antioxidant activity of T. violacea was determined qualitatively using a dot-plot and quantitatively using a DPPH radical scavenging activity assay. Ascorbic acid was used as the standard. Anti-diabetic properties of T. violacea were assessed using an α- amylase inhibition assay and an α- glucosidase inhibition assay. Acarbose was used as the standard for these assays. The anti-Alzheimer properties of T. violacea leaf extracts was determined using and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay. Donepezil was used as the standard for this assay. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, the α- amylase inhibition assay, the α- glucosidase inhibition assay and the AChE inhibition assay was combined with linear regression to determine the IC50 values of the T. violacea extracts and the standards. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine any differences between the plant samples and the standards as well as any differences between the EC and GP sample. Results: The results of the qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycosides and phenolic compounds present in T. violacea collected from EC and GP. However, their presence in the samples were different based on where the plant was cultivated. The results of the total phenolic content test, revealed that the hexane, acetone and methanol extracts of T. violacea contained phenolic compounds with the highest quantity of phenolic compounds being present in the methanol extracts. Significant statistical difference in total phenolic content between the EC and GP samples were seen for the hexane and methanol extracts. The results of the TLC revealed the presence of multiple bands which confirmed the presence of multiple phytochemicals in T. violacea. All of the extracts of T. violacea from EC and GP, showed antioxidant activity using both the dot-plot and the DPPH radical scavenging activity assay. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was seen by the hexane extract of the EC sample of T. violacea. The results showed significant statistical difference between the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the EC and GP samples. , Thesis (Msc (Pharmacy)) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
- Authors: Kader, Tasmeera
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/461819 , vital:76242
- Description: Introduction: The number of communicable and non-communicable diseases continues to rise and has become more prevalent. While drugs exist to manage and/ or treat majority of the communicable and non-communicable diseases, the rise in disease prevalence puts pressure on researchers to find new drug molecules to treat and manage these ailments. Traditional medicine refers to the knowledge, skills and practices which are based on the beliefs and experiences indigenous to cultures and is used to maintain health. Most of the research into traditional medicine focuses on the medicinal plants used. Medicinal plants are any plants in which one or more of its organs contain substances which are used for therapeutic purposes or for the synthesis of drugs. Tulbaghia violacea is a monocotyledonous genus of herbaceous perennial bulbs which is native to Africa and can be readily found throughout South Africa. It is popular for its antimicrobial, antifungal, anticoagulant, antioxidant and anticancer properties. It has been that ecological factors influence the composition and quantity of phytochemicals present in a plant. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of geographical location on the phytochemical composition, pharmacological and toxicological activities of T. violacea collected from the Eastern Cape and Gauteng Province. Methods: The leaves of T. violacea were collected from the Eastern Cape and Gauteng Province. The leaves were dried and extracted using serial maceration with solvents hexane, acetone and methanol. The resulting extracts were subjected to qualitative preliminary phytochemical analysis and a quantitative total phenol content test was carried out using gallic acid as the standard. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed to identify classes of compounds present in T. violacea. xix Antioxidant activity of T. violacea was determined qualitatively using a dot-plot and quantitatively using a DPPH radical scavenging activity assay. Ascorbic acid was used as the standard. Anti-diabetic properties of T. violacea were assessed using an α- amylase inhibition assay and an α- glucosidase inhibition assay. Acarbose was used as the standard for these assays. The anti-Alzheimer properties of T. violacea leaf extracts was determined using and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay. Donepezil was used as the standard for this assay. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, the α- amylase inhibition assay, the α- glucosidase inhibition assay and the AChE inhibition assay was combined with linear regression to determine the IC50 values of the T. violacea extracts and the standards. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine any differences between the plant samples and the standards as well as any differences between the EC and GP sample. Results: The results of the qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycosides and phenolic compounds present in T. violacea collected from EC and GP. However, their presence in the samples were different based on where the plant was cultivated. The results of the total phenolic content test, revealed that the hexane, acetone and methanol extracts of T. violacea contained phenolic compounds with the highest quantity of phenolic compounds being present in the methanol extracts. Significant statistical difference in total phenolic content between the EC and GP samples were seen for the hexane and methanol extracts. The results of the TLC revealed the presence of multiple bands which confirmed the presence of multiple phytochemicals in T. violacea. All of the extracts of T. violacea from EC and GP, showed antioxidant activity using both the dot-plot and the DPPH radical scavenging activity assay. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was seen by the hexane extract of the EC sample of T. violacea. The results showed significant statistical difference between the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the EC and GP samples. , Thesis (Msc (Pharmacy)) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-10-11