Techniques of Xhosa music: a study based on the music of the Lumko district
- Authors: Dargie, David John
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Xhosa (African people) -- Music , Lumko district , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Xhosa music , Musicology , AbaThembu , Ntsikana , Songs , Musical bows , Overtone singing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2630 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001975
- Description: Part 1.Thesis: Chapter 1: The people of the Lumko district (the villages of Ngqoko and Sikhwankqeni) are AbaThembu, mostly of the Gcina clan cluster. Their history has caused them to be linked with (now vanished) San peoples in special ways, which have undoubtedly influenced their music. Chapter 2: The music of these people is centred around their religious and social life. This affects the way they classify their songs; and song classifications (and the way songs are used) affect their performance, in particular, the dance styles associated with the song classes. Chapter 3: A variety of musical instruments is used in the Lumko district, the most important being the musical bows. Once again, the use of these bows gives an insight into the musical influences that have affected the people historically. The ways the bows work are described, as well as ways to play them. Chapter 4: Overtone singing, not previously documented anywhere in traditional African music, is practised in certain ways by these AmaGcina. These, and other vocal techniques, are described. Chapter 5: From the terminology and the methods of conceptualisation about music in the Lumko district, it is possible to gain an insight into a truly Xhosa technical understanding of Xhosa music. Once again a historical insight is gained, because so many of the important terms are KhoiSan words. Chapter 6: A Western technological (i. e. musicological) understanding of the music is also necessary in a study of this nature. This chapter applies musicological concepts to an examination of the relationship between speech and song, of the usages in melody and scale, harmony theory, rhythm, polyphony, song form, instrumental roles and methods of performance. Chapter 7: This is the conclusion of the thesis. It sums up what has been studied: musical techniques, principles, the importance of Ntsikana 's song as a basis for musical comparisons, and the import of the historical aspects of the study - a possible glimpse of the music of the San. PART 2. MUSIC TRANSCRIPTIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS. The transcriptions of 62 songs provide the material for this study. The songs were chosen to represent all the major song classes used in the Lumko district, and to represent all the important music techniques as well. The songs are in fifteen categories. Each song is accompanied by its technical details, and sufficient commentary to make the song transcription intelligible and meaningful. Certain key songs are chosen as type-songs or other special examples, and are used as the bases for discussion on song style characteristics, principles of performance, bow adaptation, and so on. A general Introduction to Part 2 describes and accounts for the method of transcription, and also attempts to make it possible for the score reader not only to analyse, but also to perform the songs. In a further attempt to bring the transcriptions to life, a video recording of certain key songs and techniques, and audio tapes with examples taken from all the songs, accompany this study
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
- Authors: Dargie, David John
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Xhosa (African people) -- Music , Lumko district , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Xhosa music , Musicology , AbaThembu , Ntsikana , Songs , Musical bows , Overtone singing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2630 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001975
- Description: Part 1.Thesis: Chapter 1: The people of the Lumko district (the villages of Ngqoko and Sikhwankqeni) are AbaThembu, mostly of the Gcina clan cluster. Their history has caused them to be linked with (now vanished) San peoples in special ways, which have undoubtedly influenced their music. Chapter 2: The music of these people is centred around their religious and social life. This affects the way they classify their songs; and song classifications (and the way songs are used) affect their performance, in particular, the dance styles associated with the song classes. Chapter 3: A variety of musical instruments is used in the Lumko district, the most important being the musical bows. Once again, the use of these bows gives an insight into the musical influences that have affected the people historically. The ways the bows work are described, as well as ways to play them. Chapter 4: Overtone singing, not previously documented anywhere in traditional African music, is practised in certain ways by these AmaGcina. These, and other vocal techniques, are described. Chapter 5: From the terminology and the methods of conceptualisation about music in the Lumko district, it is possible to gain an insight into a truly Xhosa technical understanding of Xhosa music. Once again a historical insight is gained, because so many of the important terms are KhoiSan words. Chapter 6: A Western technological (i. e. musicological) understanding of the music is also necessary in a study of this nature. This chapter applies musicological concepts to an examination of the relationship between speech and song, of the usages in melody and scale, harmony theory, rhythm, polyphony, song form, instrumental roles and methods of performance. Chapter 7: This is the conclusion of the thesis. It sums up what has been studied: musical techniques, principles, the importance of Ntsikana 's song as a basis for musical comparisons, and the import of the historical aspects of the study - a possible glimpse of the music of the San. PART 2. MUSIC TRANSCRIPTIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS. The transcriptions of 62 songs provide the material for this study. The songs were chosen to represent all the major song classes used in the Lumko district, and to represent all the important music techniques as well. The songs are in fifteen categories. Each song is accompanied by its technical details, and sufficient commentary to make the song transcription intelligible and meaningful. Certain key songs are chosen as type-songs or other special examples, and are used as the bases for discussion on song style characteristics, principles of performance, bow adaptation, and so on. A general Introduction to Part 2 describes and accounts for the method of transcription, and also attempts to make it possible for the score reader not only to analyse, but also to perform the songs. In a further attempt to bring the transcriptions to life, a video recording of certain key songs and techniques, and audio tapes with examples taken from all the songs, accompany this study
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
Bantu Music: What is Bantu Music?
- Authors: Tracey, Hugh
- Subjects: Learning , Bantu music , Map of Africa , Equator , Somalia , Mombasa , Mogadishu , Kenya , Mount Kenya , Lake Victoria , The Great Equatorial Forest , The Great Congo Forest , Lambarene Mission , Dr. Schweitzer , Portuguese Island of San Thomé , Sahara Desert , Mediterranean coastal regions , West African coastal regions , Arabs , Egypt , Morocco , West African Negroids , Sudanic , Bantu Negroids , Hamitic group , Migrated , North East Asia , Ethiopia , Great Lakes , Develop , Languages , Music , Bantu languages , Arab style music , Sudanic style music , Bantu musics , Nguni , Sotho , Tswana , Folk music , Town music , Play recorded music , Musical bows , Musical flutes , Ugubhu bow , Makhweyane bow , What makes Bantu music special
- Language: English
- Type: Sound , Radio broadcast , Music
- Identifier: vital:15138 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012586 , Reel number: BC165
- Description: 1st programme in the school broadcast series 'Bantu Music: What is Bantu Music' by Hugh Tracey broadcast by the South African Broadcasting Corporation , For further details refer to the ILAM Document Collection: Hugh Tracey Broadcasts
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Tracey, Hugh
- Subjects: Learning , Bantu music , Map of Africa , Equator , Somalia , Mombasa , Mogadishu , Kenya , Mount Kenya , Lake Victoria , The Great Equatorial Forest , The Great Congo Forest , Lambarene Mission , Dr. Schweitzer , Portuguese Island of San Thomé , Sahara Desert , Mediterranean coastal regions , West African coastal regions , Arabs , Egypt , Morocco , West African Negroids , Sudanic , Bantu Negroids , Hamitic group , Migrated , North East Asia , Ethiopia , Great Lakes , Develop , Languages , Music , Bantu languages , Arab style music , Sudanic style music , Bantu musics , Nguni , Sotho , Tswana , Folk music , Town music , Play recorded music , Musical bows , Musical flutes , Ugubhu bow , Makhweyane bow , What makes Bantu music special
- Language: English
- Type: Sound , Radio broadcast , Music
- Identifier: vital:15138 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012586 , Reel number: BC165
- Description: 1st programme in the school broadcast series 'Bantu Music: What is Bantu Music' by Hugh Tracey broadcast by the South African Broadcasting Corporation , For further details refer to the ILAM Document Collection: Hugh Tracey Broadcasts
- Full Text: false
The Sound of Africa: The Three High Commission Territories Series No. 3, The music of Swaziland
- Authors: Tracey, Hugh
- Subjects: Swaziland , Nguni , Bantu , Folk music , Conversation , Lowveld , Hair , Ligubu , Running , Walking , Protocol , Etiquette , Boys , Discipline , Chanting , We Safeguard the Chief , Quavering , Ihubo , Regiment , Incwala , Hoeing song , Fly Along Little Dove , Hamba Juba , Musical bows , Small flutes , Large bow , Reed , Queen Mother , Royalty , Chief , Pine trees , Forest , Mbube , Lion Song , Yell , Rant , Falsetto , Timber , Transvaal , National anthem , Indlaliso , Umgubo , Knobkerrie , Wondoloza bantu , Kinship ceremony , Maye maye , Flute , Constance Magogo , Bow , Ngoneeni ngoneni bakithi , Shangaan , Makweyana , Zakaliya uphume Nkelebeni , Mhlanga reed ceremony , Lobombo , Queen-Mother‘s village , Mbabane , Lion song , Usutu forest , Havelock Mine , Incaba kancofula
- Language: English
- Type: Sound , Radio broadcast , Music
- Identifier: vital:15094 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008522 , Reel number: BC117, BC118, BC119
- Description: 3rd programme in The Three High Commission Territories Series in ‘The Sound of Africa‘ Series of illustrated talks by Hugh Tracey on his travels in search of African music, broadcast by the British Broadcasting Corporation , For further details refer to the ILAM Document Collection: Hugh Tracey Broadcasts , Feature programm for the BBC
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Tracey, Hugh
- Subjects: Swaziland , Nguni , Bantu , Folk music , Conversation , Lowveld , Hair , Ligubu , Running , Walking , Protocol , Etiquette , Boys , Discipline , Chanting , We Safeguard the Chief , Quavering , Ihubo , Regiment , Incwala , Hoeing song , Fly Along Little Dove , Hamba Juba , Musical bows , Small flutes , Large bow , Reed , Queen Mother , Royalty , Chief , Pine trees , Forest , Mbube , Lion Song , Yell , Rant , Falsetto , Timber , Transvaal , National anthem , Indlaliso , Umgubo , Knobkerrie , Wondoloza bantu , Kinship ceremony , Maye maye , Flute , Constance Magogo , Bow , Ngoneeni ngoneni bakithi , Shangaan , Makweyana , Zakaliya uphume Nkelebeni , Mhlanga reed ceremony , Lobombo , Queen-Mother‘s village , Mbabane , Lion song , Usutu forest , Havelock Mine , Incaba kancofula
- Language: English
- Type: Sound , Radio broadcast , Music
- Identifier: vital:15094 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008522 , Reel number: BC117, BC118, BC119
- Description: 3rd programme in The Three High Commission Territories Series in ‘The Sound of Africa‘ Series of illustrated talks by Hugh Tracey on his travels in search of African music, broadcast by the British Broadcasting Corporation , For further details refer to the ILAM Document Collection: Hugh Tracey Broadcasts , Feature programm for the BBC
- Full Text: false
The Sound of Africa: The Three High Commission Territories, Basutoland, Bechuanaland and Swaziland
- Authors: Tracey, Hugh
- Subjects: Singing , Indigenous music , Traditional music , Dithoko , Praise song , Horses , Maloti mountains , Cattle herding , Sticks , Lesiba , Zulu , Tswana , Sotho , Tlokwa , Koena , Chiefs , Shaka , Mantantisi , Moshoeshoe , Hunting ground , Cattle raiders , Red cliffs , Thaba Bosiu , Lesotho , Maseru , Work songs , Mokorotlo , Stamping , Blankets , Lengae , Lelingoana , Initiation songs , Mafeking District , Sheep skin , Leather aprons , White wood ash , Grass ropes , Mask of straw , Clapping , Mouse songs , Rosery , Rain song , Pula , Chief Batwe Village , Kanye , Lion skin , Mzilikazi , Ndebele , Bulawayo , Khama, Tshekedi , Bamangwato , Fighting songs , Livingstone, David , Moffat, Robert , Christianity , Catholic Mission , French Canadians , Morija , Choral , Paris Evangelical Missionary Society , Arbousset, Thomas , Casalis, Eugene , Gosselin, Constant , Knobkerries , Red ochre , Reed pipes , Coloured dress , Chants , Ligubu bow , Regimental dance , Indlaliso , Wondoloza bantu , Incwala ritual , Umgubo , Ihlubo , Hoeing song , Maye maye inesizema , Musical bows , Flutes , Makweyana bow , Love song , Lament song , Party songs , Tshidilamolomo , Dance songs , Huts , Sacred , Secret , Ululations , Throat sound , Bana ba tau we el , Kgomo e tsaletse nageng thokwana , Serago ko gae ko gae , Kgatla
- Language: English
- Type: Sound , Radio broadcast , Music
- Identifier: vital:15113 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011497 , Reel numbers: BC110, BC111, BC112, BC113, BC120
- Description: 1st programme in ‘The Sound of Africa‘ Series IV of illustrated talks by Hugh Tracey on his travels in search of African music, broadcast by the British Broadcasting Corporation , Feature programme for the BBC , For further details refer to the ILAM Document Collection: Hugh Tracey Broadcasts
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Tracey, Hugh
- Subjects: Singing , Indigenous music , Traditional music , Dithoko , Praise song , Horses , Maloti mountains , Cattle herding , Sticks , Lesiba , Zulu , Tswana , Sotho , Tlokwa , Koena , Chiefs , Shaka , Mantantisi , Moshoeshoe , Hunting ground , Cattle raiders , Red cliffs , Thaba Bosiu , Lesotho , Maseru , Work songs , Mokorotlo , Stamping , Blankets , Lengae , Lelingoana , Initiation songs , Mafeking District , Sheep skin , Leather aprons , White wood ash , Grass ropes , Mask of straw , Clapping , Mouse songs , Rosery , Rain song , Pula , Chief Batwe Village , Kanye , Lion skin , Mzilikazi , Ndebele , Bulawayo , Khama, Tshekedi , Bamangwato , Fighting songs , Livingstone, David , Moffat, Robert , Christianity , Catholic Mission , French Canadians , Morija , Choral , Paris Evangelical Missionary Society , Arbousset, Thomas , Casalis, Eugene , Gosselin, Constant , Knobkerries , Red ochre , Reed pipes , Coloured dress , Chants , Ligubu bow , Regimental dance , Indlaliso , Wondoloza bantu , Incwala ritual , Umgubo , Ihlubo , Hoeing song , Maye maye inesizema , Musical bows , Flutes , Makweyana bow , Love song , Lament song , Party songs , Tshidilamolomo , Dance songs , Huts , Sacred , Secret , Ululations , Throat sound , Bana ba tau we el , Kgomo e tsaletse nageng thokwana , Serago ko gae ko gae , Kgatla
- Language: English
- Type: Sound , Radio broadcast , Music
- Identifier: vital:15113 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011497 , Reel numbers: BC110, BC111, BC112, BC113, BC120
- Description: 1st programme in ‘The Sound of Africa‘ Series IV of illustrated talks by Hugh Tracey on his travels in search of African music, broadcast by the British Broadcasting Corporation , Feature programme for the BBC , For further details refer to the ILAM Document Collection: Hugh Tracey Broadcasts
- Full Text: false
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